Reflective Writing for Learning Disability Nurse

Reflective Writing for Learning Disability Nurse Summary reflection –Modules 5 9 Working as a learning disability nurse, poses a career fraught with many interesting and often frustrating challenges. However, this is a population that cannot be ignored or slighted medically just because they present with special needs (DOH 2001). Emerson et al. (2001) state that 2.5 – 3% of the population in the UK are among the learning disabled, with 30% of these individuals presenting with categorically severe or profound learning disabilities. Emerson et al. (2001) also tell us that frequently multiple learning disabilities present in the same individual, including physical and/or sensory impairments, physical or sensory disability and/or behavioural difficulties. The five modules presented an opportunity to explore various aspects of this specialty area and reflect on the experience on a module by module basis. The act of revisiting the individual reflection pieces to present the current summary essay allowed for not only intellectually experiencing what I wrote, but it also allowed me to re-experience each situation and gain a new appreciation for the patients I worked with, the teams I took part in, the pros and cons of each situation and what I have learned that will be immediately applicable to a real world work environment. Importance of reflection Driscoll and Teh (2001) tell us that practitioners can gain a stronger understanding about various interventions and protocols used, as well as reviewing the situation specifics of each incident, through the process of reflection. In particular, Foster (1985) stressed the importance of using a journal for purposes of written reflection on nursing practices and procedures in order to help clarify issues and make them more real and visual. Gardiner and Lawley (1995) believe that self awareness, one of the outcomes of nursing reflection, can enable staff to recognise the skills they employ and add meaning to their interactions with peers, team members and clients/patients. There were many positives and negatives I experienced on a module by module basis, but in summary, these will be presented thematically. Achievements Module Five offered the opportunity to gain insight into the lifestyle experienced by those with learning disabilities. Similarly, Module Seven provided much needed and interesting information on the role of special health needs observed in those with special needs. This enabled me to make a difference for a client with diabetes through the development of a health care action plan that included the client’s smoking cessation; something the social worker assigned to the case was no knowledgeable of. It was quite exciting to improve my communication skills throughout the five modules. For example, I was able to improve my rapport with other colleagues and various multidisciplinary healthcare professionals as well as clients as I achieved Module Nine communication based learning objectives. Godsell and Scarbrough (2006) comment communication skills are essential for healthcare practitioners. I believe they are even more critical for those working with the learning disabled. Another example was the ability to communicate effectively myself and help others, such as residential home management, communicate with a specific autistic client experiencing difficulty in choosing daily activities based on his disability. I was able to include this client in the decisions made which is critical to empowering the client with a sense of self. Similarly, during Module Five, I worked with a cerebral palsy client who was screaming due to discomfort; that was her mode of communication, which at th e time I failed to recognise, but upon reflection now know actions as well as words are important modes of communication for those with learning disabilities. Shortcomings In general, a major negative I encountered was feeling I was used as â€Å"the help† rather than as a student nurse during my placement. This limited my ability to contribute and to grow personally and professionally. This was particularly evident during Module Five. Similarly, during Module Eight I was faced with a situation creating a significant amount of stress with no stress management advice or training opportunities from which to learn how to effectively cope. Contrary to Davidson’s (2001) research, there were no in-house stress management training opportunities to take advantage of. There was a sharp discrepancy in Module Nine when reviewing the Valuing People (2001) discourse in relation to people with learning disabilities (PWLD) between what was written in the document and what I experienced at work; whereas the document stresses the rights inherent for all people be extended to PWLD, it was my experience that daily patients and clients were denied access to services due to budgetary measures rather than expressing interest in people’s rights to quality healthcare and a quality standard of life. Gates (2003) tells us those with learning disabilities have rights and should be encouraged to attain respect and reach their potential. Challenges/Learning opportunities One of the main challenges I experienced in the module series, particularly with Module Five, was relating theory to practice. However, through additional research and self motivated learning I was able to bridge the gap. I also experienced a number of personal and professional challenges that I believe helped me become a stronger person and future professional. For example, at the beginning of Module Six, my mentor informed me he would not be available to me. This was very frustrating and upsetting as I knew without the help of a mentor, it would be very difficult to achieve the specific learning objectives outlined. However, I was able to turn this situation into a positive by becoming an active contributor to my own educational process by learning, understanding and solving real life problems (Kaufman, Mann Jennet 2000). Similarly, in Module Nine, I found several of the teaching styles challenging, but that helped to develop my research skills and allow me to make contributions in the group and EBL sessions. This also helped to develop my learning and presentation skills. An additional challenge in Module Nine was situation I encountered when viewing a medication administration concern at work. While I informed my manager of the situation, the team had a negative reaction rather than positive which would have been consistent with concern over patient/client care. Thomas, Mason and Ford (2003) tell us it is difficult for workers to become whistleblowers, especially in situations related to patient/client care or maintaining standards of care. This was an even more difficult challenge for me as I was only a student with limited status in the work environment. This was similar to the situation I found myself in during Module Seven when the community care social worker appeared to be neglecting the client’s diabetes, which is inconsistent with the General Social Care Council (2002) code of practices. I felt I was caught in the middle being a student making suggestions and pointing out care inconsistencies. Through the increased communication skills I developed, I was able to participate with the social worker in the role Gates (2003) identified as a learning disability nurse educator and facilitate changes. In conclusion, through the combined effects of achieving the modules’ learning objectives, reflection on the positive and negative events as well as challenges I encountered throughout modules 5 – 9 have enhanced my skill development of working with the learning disabled, improved my problem solving skills, allowed for improved communicative ability both on interdisciplinary teams as well as working with learning or developmentally challenged persons. The added use of written reflection as a tool will further my ability to transfer these skills into practice in my future placement and allow me to be effective in my nursing capacity on day one of my engagement. References Davidson, J. 2001. Stress management: Minute 10 guide. New York: Macmillan, USA. Department of Health. 2001. Valuing People: A new strategy for learning disability for the 21st century. White Paper CM5086. Great Britain. Driscoll, J Teh, B. 2001. The potential of reflective practice to develop individual orthopaedic nurse practitioner and their practice. Journal of Orthopedic Nursing, 5, 95 – 103. Emerson, E, Hatton, C, Felce, D Murphy, A. 2001. Fundamental facts. London: The Foundation of People with a Learning Disability. Gates, B. 2004. Learning disabilities: Towards inclusion (4th ed). London: Churchill Livingstone. General Social Care Council. 2002. Code of Practice for Social Care Workers and  Code of Practice for Employers of Social Care Workers. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://www.gscc.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/8E693C62-9B17-48E1-A806-3F6F280354FD/0/CodesofPractice.doc [Accessed 20 September 2008]. Godsell, M Scarbrough, K. 2006. Improving communication for people with learning disabilities. Nursing Standards, 20(30), 58 – 68. Kaufman, DM, Mann, KV Jennet, P. 2000. Teaching and learning in medical education: How theory can inform practice. London: Association for the Study of Medical Education Monograph. Gardiner, A Lawley, K. 1995. Health and social care: Longman advanced GNVQ test and assessment guide. London: Longman Publishing Group. Thomas, A, Mason, L Ford, S. 2003. Care management in practice for the registered manager award: Essential reading for all care managers (2nd ed). Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers

Community Psychology and Public Health Essay

This essay discusses the similarities and differences between two approaches – community psychology and public health that are related to social problems. Each method approaches social problems differently; however there are certain overlapping features. Each method also has its specific strengths and weaknesses. All of these factors will be discussed in this essay. Community psychology and public health  The foundation of public health rests on the practical implementation of attempts to protect and improve a community’s health by applying preventative medicine, sanitary methods, and social science. The goal of public health is to prevent disease and distress from occurring. And here is the first difference between public health and community psychology. Where public health focuses on specific problems, community psychology focuses on the overall quality of life of the individuals within a community. The goal of community psychology is to understand the relationships of the individual with his or her community and society through research and to improve the individual’s life through certain actions. The ideas that drive community psychology are inspiring and motivational, but the ideas have proven to be difficult to put into action items in order to implement them. This is one of the weaknesses of community psychology and one of the causes of the many failed attempts at transforming a community. However, there are also cases of political factors obstructing the implementation of solutions to social problems, as described by Professor Albee in Guernina (1995, p. 85), â€Å"and when Reagan was elected the message went out to the National Institute of Mental Health from the White House saying, ‘We will no longer support any research into the social causes of mental illness we will only support research into the biological, genetic organic causes’. Thus it seems like community psychology is deemed the impractical, unnecessary approach that is too concerned with sociology to make a practical impact on a community. In contrast, the public health approach, that highlights biological and engineering methods, has proven to effectively prevent various diseases and socially abusive behaviours from spreading widely. For example, under the public health regulations in South Africa, the management of human waste in public places was determined and implemented during the 19th century. However, this approach isn’t perfect either, because although the human waste was effectively managed in public places, the problem arose when human waste occurred in terms of intimate actions, such as bathing and toilet hygiene. Neither of the approaches is perfect and both approaches have qualities that can potentially transform a community. In this sense, the merging of the best qualities of both approaches is best described by Gilbert, â€Å"The close affinity between sociology and public health is in terms of unit of study, theory, and method. They share a common concern with populations of individuals, a theoretical orientation toward abstract generalisations and a similar methodological approach. They also share a ‘problem’ focus. To a large extent public health problems are social problems. The social forces that determine whether a health condition will be viewed as a public health problem, are similar to those that define a social problem. † (1995, p. 81) Conclusion Public health can do for a little more of the human touch as experienced in community psychology. And community psychology can benefit from the practical methods as seen in public health solutions. Fortunately this is happening in the socio-ecological approach, which is based on a holistic understanding of the individual, the community, diseases, and health as the outcome of the intricate behaviour patterns that are instilled in individuals and groups through socialization, and who then understand the ways as being normal.

The Business Writing Services Online Trap

The Business Writing Services Online Trap Finding the Best Business Writing Services Online Improve your business writing skills, and you'll likely ultimately enhance the success of your business enterprise. Before you start to look for work, take inventory of your own personal skills. You work on the particular skills you will need to learn, at your own pace. Business writing skills are wanted in just about any facet of owning or operating a business enterprise. Another reason to compose a business program is for help internally. Sometimes you simply need somebody to take your thoughts and numbers and turn them into an expert, well-formatted small business plan. You don't even need to have plenty of experience in writing. Your business writing skills could possibly be a foot in the door to a good deal or possibly even as a way to climb the corporate ladder and for that reason must represent the company in the best way possible. 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American Civil War The United States - 1910 Words

American civil war The full name of American is the United States of America.The United States is a young country and The country is the second largest country in the Americas. The United States is composed of many states and many overseas territories and immigrant country with multiplicity in its culture because different nations and ethnics coexist there, which easily arises some social issues, as well as educational issues.The United States experienced the colonial period, the War of Independence and the Civil War.This article will interpret the civil war in the United States and the reasons for the victory of the North America.The civil war is the only civil war in the history of the United States.Both sides of the war, including†¦show more content†¦Contradiction between the two sides could be irreconcilable , while the northern economic and demographic advantage, raise his voice in Congress, the entire Congress tend North. North Lincoln unity government launched war ag ainst the South, the South declared the Lincoln government unconstitutional. Lincoln government made war propaganda that war is order to abolish slavery blacks, so that they could seize the moral high ground. The fuse of the war was that Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States, resulting in eleven states in the south of the United States to withdraw from the union.To withdraw from the union, the continent was formed to Jefferson Davis as the president of the government. Government of Southern expelled from the federal army stationed in the south and Lincoln ordered the attack against the rebel state. The war changed the political and economic situation in the United States and led to slavery in the southern states of America finally abolished, The civil war also had a great impact on future American civil society. In the 1860 election, Lincoln only got four of the votes in the country.He didn t appear on the ballot in the south.The Republican Party as a regional party, won the election victory, and the victory also confirmed the former President Martin Van Buren s prophecy in years ago: the ruling party if it is not possible to obtain the support of the country, countries will face split.The Republican Lincoln s

The American Counterculture and The Vietnam War Essay

The Nineteen Sixties were a time of grand turmoil in the United States. The nation almost came apart at the seams many times throughout the decade. The government was involved in a plethora of things at the time that the general population did not agree with. The most important was the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was the most publicly protested war in the history of the country. There were many new forms of protesting used at this time. The most mainstream and effective way of protest was through song. The lyrics of the songs of the sixties were laced with anti-government and anti-war messages that were sometimes hidden and sometimes direct. The generation responsible for the new music was the Baby Boomers. These were the†¦show more content†¦The Woodstock Festival became very important for this reason. The festival was the most well documented of all the large festivals in the sixties and had the most direct protesting. Woodstock has been portrayed by the media t o be the most important and influential festival of the sixties, however that may not be the case. The Monterey Pop Festival is one of the pre-Woodstock festivals that had the same or more effect on the culture of the 1960s. The Monterey Pop festival took place directly in the center of the counter culture seen during the movements’ most important year, 1967. The summer of 1967 is the most important year of the hippie movement because it gave the movement nationwide awareness. It may have also led to the demise of the Cultural Revolution. The best example of the summer of love was where it originated at the corners of Haight and Ashbury Street in the bay area of San Francisco, California. This would be the location of the year’s most important rock festival (Perone 1). The narcotics LSD and Marijuana were the fuel for the Bay Area music scene. The drugs were at the height of their use in 1967 influencing the various psychedelic acts that were then becoming nati onwide hits. Some of the area bands that would soon gain importance in the music world were The Grateful Dead, The Jefferson Airplane, Big Brother and the Holding Company, The Steve Miller Band, and Santana. In the striving music and cultural scene America’s firstShow MoreRelatedThe Vietnam War and Its Effects on Society During the 1960s1594 Words   |  7 Pagesout the counting during the middle of the decade. The infamous Vietnam War and the new alternative culture were pushing the United States towards a time of liberalism and a nationwide rebellion against the social norms. The first combat forces were sent to Da Nang in 1965, by a formally anti war President, Lyndon B Johnson. The question of why the United States was engaging in a war between North and South Vietnam was raised. 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That was the most shattering national event of my adulthood. A brutal war went on and on-- went on longer than even that other great milestone, World War II- and brought with it social turbulence unlike anything since the Depression.† A self-described member of the most propagandized generation†, a product of World War II rhetoric, Cold War containment, and mass media, Philip Roth viewed the turbulence of the 1960sRead MoreEssay on Woodstock1677 Words   |  7 PagesWoodstock One didn’t simply go to Woodstock: one lived through it. In August 1969, the Woodstock Festival was the largest counterculture event ever staged, attracting some 500,000 people and featuring many of the country’s top acts. Two decades later, Woodstock has come to mean more than just â€Å"three days of fun and music†; it symbolizes a time of community, exuberance, and intensity since lost. 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Tobacco Smoking and Legal Marijuana Free Essays

Marijuana vs  cigarettes See also: Smoking Marijuana does not cause lung cancer Top anti drug researcher changes his mind: says legalize marijuana Marijuana and your lungs: recent studies Pot is not like tobacco The Effects of Marijuana Smoke There are many reasons why marijuana is  not  worse for you than smoking cigarettes. You may have heard that â€Å"one joint is equal to ten cigarettes† but this is exaggerated and misleading. Marijuana does contain more tar than tobacco — but low tar cigarettes cause just as much cancer, so what is that supposed to mean? Scientists have hown that smoking any plant is bad for your lungs, because it increases the number of ‘lesions’ in your small airways. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Smoking and Legal Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now This usually does not threaten your life, but there is a chance it will lead to infections. Marijuana users who are worried about this can find less harmful ways of taking marijuana like eating or vaporizing. (Be careful – marijuana is safe to eat — but tobacco is not, you might overdose! )  Marijuana does not cause cancer  the way tobacco does, though. Here is a list of interesting facts about marijuana smoking and tobacco smoking: o Marijuana smokers generally don’t chain smoke, nd so they smoke less. (Marijuana is not physically addictive like tobacco. ) The more potent marijuana is, the less a smoker will use at a time. o Tobacco contains nicotine, and marijuana doesn’t. Nicotine may harden the arteries and may be responsible for much of the heart disease caused by tobacco. New research has found that it may also cause a lot of the cancer in tobacco smokers and people who live or work where tobacco is smoked. This is because it breaks down into a cancer causing chemical called `N Nitrosamine’ when it is burned (and maybe even while it is inside the body as well. o Marijuana contains THC. THC is a bronchial dilator, which means it works like a cough drop and opens up your lungs, which aids clearance of smoke and dirt. Nicotine does just the opposite; it makes your lungs bunch up and makes it harder to cough anything up. o There are benefits from marijuana (besides bronchial dilation) that you don’t get from tobacco. Mainly, marijuana makes you relax, which improves your health and well-being. o  Scientists do not really know what it is that causes malignant lung cancer in tobacco. Many think it may be a substance known as Lead 210. Of course, there are many other theories as to what does cause cancer, but if this is true, it is easy to see why  no case of lung cancer resulting from marijuana use alone has ever been documented, because tobacco contains much more of this substance than marijuana. o Marijuana laws make it harder to use marijuana without damaging your body. Water-pipes are illegal in many states. Filtered cigarettes, vaporizers, and inhalers have to be mass produced, which is hard to arrange `underground. ’ People don’t eat marijuana often because you need more to get as high that way, nd it isn’t cheap or easy to get (which is the reason why some people will stoop to smoking leaves. ) This may sound funny to you — but  the more legal marijuana gets, the safer it is. It is pretty obvious to users that marijuana prohibition laws are not â€Å"for their own good. † In addition to the above, legal marijuana would be clean and free from adulterants. Some people ad d other drugs to marijuana before they sell it. Some people spray room freshener on it or soak in in chemicals like formaldehyde! A lot of the marijuana is grown outdoors, where it may be sprayed with esticides or contaminated with dangerous fungi. If the government really cared about our health, they would form an agency which would make sure only quality marijuana was sold. This would be cheaper than keeping it illegal, and it would keep people from getting hurt and going to the emergency room. (source) FACT: Studies have shown that smoking marijuana does NOT increase your chance of getting cancer and may even lower it slightly! Of course, vaping or eating cannabis are still considered the safest methods of ingestion especially for daily consumers. Early on, when our research appeared as if there would be a negative impact on lung health, I was opposed to legalization because I thought it would lead to increased use and that would lead to increased health effects,† Tashkin s ays. â€Å"But at this point, I’d be in favor of legalization. Tobacco smoking causes far more harm. And in terms of an intoxicant, alcohol causes far more harm. UCLA’s Tashkin studied heavy marijuana smokers to determine whether the use led to increased risk of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. He hypothesized that there would be a definitive link between cancer and marijuana smoking, but the results proved otherwise. â€Å"What we found instead was no association and even a suggestion of some protective effect,† says Tashkin, whose research was the largest case-control study ever conducted. Listen to Tashkin’s full video  here UPDATE Source  A new study, published in this month’s  Journal of the American Medical Association, tested the lung function of over 5,000 young adults between 18 and 30. After 20 years of testing, researchers found some buzzworthy results:  regular marijuana smokers (defined by up to a joint a day for seven years) had no discernible impairment in lung activity from non-smokers. In fact, researchers were surprised to find marijuana smokers performed slightly better than both smokers and non-smokers on the lung performance test. Why? The most likely explanation seems to be that the act of inhaling marijuana—holding each puff in for as long as possible—is a lot like a pulmonary function test, giving marijuana smokers an edge over their igarette smoking counterparts. For most of human existence, cannabis has been considered a medicine. Queen Victoria used it to alleviate her menstrual cramps. Extracts were prescribed by doctors and available at every pharmacy in the U. S. According to  Fast Food Nation  author Eric Schlosser, attitudes toward cannabis only shifted when Americans began to notice and object to its use by immigrants arou nd the turn of the 20th century. More  here How to cite Tobacco Smoking and Legal Marijuana, Essay examples

Calculation of Income Tax Case Study Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Calculate the Net Income Tax Payable or refund due to the taxpayer for the 2015/2016 tax year. State the Specific Taxation Rules relevant to the above events to Support your Arguments and Calculations.2. Determine whether the above Events are assessable during the year ending 30 June 2016? Ensure you State the Specific Legislation, tax rulings and Case Law to Support your answer.3. Calculate the Amount of tax to be withheld by the Employer due to the Termination of her Employment. Answers: 1.Income of Mr Marc for the year ending on 30th June 2016: (Amount in $) Salary (6-5 ITAA97): 48000 Annual leave compensation received (6-5 ITAA97): 2500 Travel allowance (6-5 ITAA97): 1000 Worker compensation (Note 1): 5000 Interest Income (under subsection 6-5 (4)): 1000 Amount received as get well gesture: 500 Assessable Income: 58000 Calculation of income tax payable for the tax year 2015-16 Year 2015-16 ( Amount in $) Calculation of income tax payable by Mr Marc Particular Income Dividend Capital Gain Tax already paid Gross salary 48000 11500 Annual leave compensation 2500 Travel allowance 1000 Worker Compensation 5000 Interest income on term deposit 1000 150 Amount received as get well gesture 500 Total Income 58000.00 0 11650 Deductions (note 2) 500 Adjusted Income 57500 Personal allowance 10600 (Note: In present case as the income is below than 100,000 ; thus personal allowance will be provided) Taxable Income 46900 Tax (working note 3 ) 7213 Already Paid (note 4) Refund 4437 Working Notes Amount in $ Note -1 Worker Compensation In accordance with the case law (FCT v Dixon (1952) 86 CLR 540; replacement principle will be applied at amount received as worker compensation will be taxable, and rest amount will be exempted (Barkoczy, 2016). 5000 Note -2 Deduction Amount paid for firefighting gear 500 Note 3 Calculation of Tax 0-16227 0 0 16227-37000 19% 3946.87 37001-46900 32.5% 3217.00 Total Tax 7164.00 FBT $ 500 (1-49%) 980 Tax = 980 *49 % 49 Total tax 7213 Note-4 Tax already deducted Tax deducted by employer 11500 Tax deducted by bank 150 Total 11650 2.Determination of taxability of events By considering the provided case study, there are three events two are redundancy package and Payment in lieu of annual leave provided by the employer and last one is Rent free benefit received in the lease. In accordance with the Australian Taxation office, in the case where genuine redundancy at the time of termination then same will be taxable but at concessional rates. Same is supported in taxation ruling of TR 2009/2 (Redundancy payments, 2016). Same provisions are applied in case if payment is received in against of lieu of annual leave. This provision is covered under Section 15-25 of Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA). However, in the case of rent free lease for 6 months is not taxable the covered period is covered under concession lease terms. Further, the landlord is not in a position to get a deduction as rent is not payable by the tenant consequently it will not be considered income Jane Nobles. 3.Amount of tax to be withheld by employer Particulars Amount Payment related to genuine redundancy $529 (WN 1) Payment in lieu of annual leave $5600 Rent free benefit - Total taxable income $6129 Tax rate (inclusive of 2% medical levy) 17%(WN 2) Tax to be paid $1042 Working note 1 Redundancy benefit is not taxable up to a certain extent. By considering provisions of 2016/17 exempt amount is $9,936 along with $4,969 to be multiplied by years served by an employee. Exempt amount =$9936 + $4969*15 =$84471 Taxable amount: =$85000-$84471 =$529 Working note 2 ETP will be concessional taxed at a maximum of 32% in case age of the individual is below 55) and 17% will be applied if age is 55 or higher. This rate is inclusive of 2% medical levy up to the income of $195000. On higher income, tax to be paid at the rate of 47% (Australian tax legislation, 2002). References Australian tax legislation 2002. (2002) (1st ed.). Pyrmont, N.S.W. Barkoczy, S. (2016), Core Tax Legislation Study Guide, 19th edn, Oxford University Press. Cheng, H., Yang, C. (2013). Some Taxation Theorems in the Hotelling Model.Australian Economic Papers,52(3-4), 143-158. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12013 LAFFER, K. (2008). TAXATION REFORM IN AUSTRALIA.Economic Record,18(2), 168-179. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1942.tb02666.x Redundancy payments. (2017).Ato.gov.au. Retrieved 28 March 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Working/Working-as-an-employee/Leaving-your-job/Redundancy-payments/